Aerial roof estimation system and method

ABSTRACT

Image analysis systems and methods are disclosed including a computer system executing instructions to receive a plurality of aerial image files of a building having a roof including a first aerial image file taken from a first viewpoint of the building and a second aerial image file taken from a second viewpoint of the building different than the first viewpoint; determine a pitch and an area of one or more roof sections based on image analysis performed on the aerial image files, wherein the image analysis comprises constructing a three-dimensional model of one or more roof sections; generate a roof report that includes the pitch and the area of the one or more roof sections based on the determined pitch and area of the one or more roof sections, wherein the pitch is indicative of a vertical rise of a roof section over a horizontal run of the roof section.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/371,271, filed on Feb. 10, 2012, now pending, which is a continuationof, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/148,439,filed Apr. 17, 2008, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,145,578, whichclaims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/925,072 filed onApr. 17, 2007, all of which applications are incorporated herein byreference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention relates to systems and methods for estimatingconstruction projects, and more particularly, to such systems andmethods that allow estimates involving roofs on buildings to be createdremotely.

Description of the Related Art

The information provided below is not admitted to be part of the presentinvention, but is provided solely to assist the understanding of thereader.

Homeowners typically ask several roofing contractors to provide writtenestimates to repair or replace a roof on a house. Heretofore, thehomeowners would make an appointment with each roofing contractor tovisit the house to determine the style of roof, take measurements, andto inspect the area around the house for access and cleanup. Using thisinformation, the roofing contractor then prepares a written estimate andthen timely delivers it to the homeowner. After receiving severalestimates from different roofing contractors, the homeowner then selectsone.

There are factors that impact the roofing contractor's ability toprovide a timely written estimate. One factor is the size of the roofcontractor's company and the location of the roofing jobs currentlyunderway. Most roof contractors provide roofing services and estimatesto building owners over a large geographical area. Larger roofcontractor companies hire one or more trained individuals who travelthroughout the entire area providing written estimates. With smallerroofing contractors, the owner or a key trained person is appointed toprovide estimates. With both types of companies, roofing estimates arenormally scheduled for buildings located in the same area on aparticular day. If an estimate is needed suddenly at a distant location,the time for travel and the cost of commuting can be prohibitive. If theroofing contractor is a small company, the removal of the owner or keyperson on a current job site can be time prohibitive.

Another factor that may impact the roofing contractor's ability toprovide a written estimate is weather and traffic.

Recently, solar panels have become popular. In order to install solarpanels, the roof's slope, geometrical shape, and size as well as itsorientation with respect to the sun all must be determined in order toprovide an estimate of the number and type of solar panels required.Unfortunately, not all roofs on a building are proper size, geometricalshape, or orientation for use with solar panels.

What is needed is a system that allows a roof to be quickly and easilymeasured and that does not require the estimator to physically travel tothe building to take measurements. Such measurements can then be used toprepare an estimate to repair or replace the roof or install equipmentthereon.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects are met by the system and method disclosedherein that allows a company that needs the sizes, dimensions, slopesand orientations of the roof sections on a building in order to providea written estimate. The system includes the use of a roof estimatingsoftware program and a location-linked, image file database. During use,the physical address or location information of the building is inputtedinto the program which then presents aerial images of roof sections onthe building at the specific address location. An overhead aircraft, aballoon, or satellite may produce the aerial images. An image analysisand calibration is then performed either manually or via a softwareprogram that determines the geometry, the slopes, the pitch angles, andthe outside dimensions of the roof sections. The images may also includethe land surrounding the roof sections and building which the estimatingcompany can use to factor in additional access or clean-up costs.

In the first embodiment of the system, the roof company is contacted bya potential customer requesting an estimate for repair or replacement ofa roof on their building. The roof company uses a local computer with anestimating software program loaded into its working memory to access animage file database located on the computer or on a remote serverconnected via a wide area network to the local computer. The image filedatabase contains image files of various buildings in the roof company'sservice area. When a request for an estimate is received from apotential customer, the roof company enters the customer's address intothe software program and aerial images of the building are thenpresented to the roof company. The roof company then manually measuresor uses a roof estimation software program to determine the slopes,dimensions, and other relevant geometric information of the roofsections on the buildings. From these determinations, the overall shape,slopes and square footage of the roof sections are determined and areport is produced. After the report has been prepared, the images arereviewed again for special access and cleanup tasks which can be addedto the final estimate before transmission to the potential customer.

In another embodiment, the roof estimate software program and image filedatabase are both stored on one or more remote computers and accessed bythe roof company via a wide area network. The roof company uses anassigned user name and password to log onto the website and access thecomputer. After logging on, the roof company logs then submits the newcustomer's address, other relevant job related information, and arequest for a report from the roof estimation service. An estimationservice associated with the website uses the address information toobtain the images of the roof sections on the building(s) and uses theroof estimation software program and calibration module to determine therelevant geometry, pitch angles, dimensions, and surface areas of thebuilding's roof. The service then produces and sends a report to theroof company. The company then uses the report to prepare a finalestimate that is then delivered to the potential customer.

In another embodiment of the system, a roof estimating website isdesigned to receive requests for roof estimates directly from potentialcustomers in a region. The estimation service that owns and operates thewebsite is associated with various roof companies that provideroof-related services in the region serviced by the website. When apotential customer contacts the website and requests an estimate for aroof repair, replacement or installation of equipment, the potentialcustomer's name, address, and contact information is first submitted onthe website. The estimation service representative enters the address ofthe building into the roof estimation software program. The aerialimages of the buildings are then obtained and analyzed by the servicerepresentative to extract the relevant geometric information about thestructures. A report containing the geometric information obtained fromthe aerial images and other relevant project related informationsupplied by the potential customer are transmitted to roof companiesassociated with the estimation service. The roof company reviews theinformation then prepares an estimate which then can be uploaded to theroof estimating website server which then forwards the estimate to thepotential customer, or sends from the roof company directly via email,fax or mail to the potential customer.

In another embodiment, a service associated with the roof estimatewebsite uses the image file database and roof estimate software topre-emptively calculate and store the dimensions, areas, pitch angles,and other relevant geometric information about the buildings andstructures located within a geographic region. This pre-calculatedinformation can then be used by any of the previously mentionedembodiments to accelerate the process of obtaining roof estimates withinthat geographic region.

It should be understood, that the system and method described herein maybe used by any individual or company that would find the calculation ofthe size, geometry, pitch and orientation of the roof of a building fromaerial images of the building useful. Such companies may include roofingcompanies, solar panel installers, roof gutter installers, awningcompanies, HVAC contractors, general contractors and insurancecompanies.

Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is an illustration showing the system and method being used by anew customer requesting a roof estimate from a roof contractor who useshis or her computer to access a local or remote image database or from aroof contractor who contacts a remote aerial image or estimate providerand then provides a written estimate to the customer.

FIG. 2 is an illustration showing the system and method being used by anew customer requesting roof estimates from a plurality of roofcontractors which are part of a referral service provided by a remoteaerial image or estimate provider that transmits images or anintermediate report to all of the roof contractors who then individuallyprepare and transmit an estimate to the customer.

FIG. 3 is an illustration showing the top and perspective view of ahouse for a particular address.

FIG. 4 is an aerial image of the home shown in FIG. 3 showing the areasand structures around the home.

FIGS. 5A-5F are consecutive pages from a preliminary or final reportsent to a potential customer prepared by the roofing company.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

Referring to the accompanying Figures, there is described a system 10and method that allows a roofing company 70 to provide a final estimate102 to a potential customer 90 to install equipment or to repair orreplace the roof on a building 92 using aerial images of the building92. The system 10 includes an estimating software program 50 designed toreceive an address for the building 92. The software program 50 islinked to an aerial image file database 52 that contains aerial imagesfiles 54 of various building 92 in a region. The aerial image files 54may be taken any available means, such as an aircraft, balloon, asatellite, etc. As shown in FIG. 3, the image files 54 typically includeat least one a top plan view 65 and a perspective view 66 of thebuilding 92. The image files 54 may also include a wide angle image file67 showing the building 92 and the surrounding areas 67 around thebuilding 92. In one embodiment, an image analysis and calibration module56 is linked to the software program 50 that enables the roof company 70to closely estimate the dimensions and slopes of the roofs of thebuildings 92 shown in the views 65, 66. By simply inputting thecustomer's address into the software program 50, the roof company 70 isable view the customer's roof from the aerial image files 54 using aremote computer 72, determine the dimensions and slopes of the roofsections that make up the roof, and prepare a preliminary report 101which is then used to prepare a final estimate 102 that is thendelivered to the potential customer 90.

FIG. 1 is an illustration showing the system 10 used by a potentialcustomer 90 requesting a roof estimate from a roof company 70 that usesthe system 10 described above. The potential customer 90 may be thebuilding tenant, owner or insurance company. The roof company 70 uses acomputer 72 which may connect to a wide area network 60. The customer 90contacts the roof company 70 via his or her computer 91 and the widearea network 60 or by a telecommunication network 96, and requests aroof estimate for his building 92 located at a public address 93. (i.e.23 W. 3 ^(rd) St). The roof company 70 then processes the request 100which leads to a final estimate 102 being delivered to the potentialcustomer's computer 91 or via email, fax or postal service to thepotential customer 90.

There are several different ways the system 10 can be setup. FIG. 1shows a first embodiment of the system 10 where the roof company 70operates a remote computer 72 with a display 74 and a keyboard 75 orsimilar input means. A roof estimating software program 50 is loadedinto the working memory 73 of the remote computer 72. The softwareprogram 50 is able to retrieve aerial images of buildings from thedatabase 52 containing aerial images files 54 of buildings located inthe region served by the roof company 70. In the first embodiment shownin FIG. 1, the remote computer 72 is linked or connected to a database52 containing aerial images files 54 of the buildings. The softwareprogram 50 includes a calibration module 56 that enables the roofcompany 70 to determine the angles and dimensions of various roofsections shown in the images files 54. After the angles and dimensionsare determined, the combined square footage of the building 92 can bedetermined which is then used to create a preliminary report 101. Theroof company 70 then reviews the wide angle image file 94 (see FIG. 4)to determine if the building 92 has special access and clean up factorsthat may impact the final estimate 102. Once the preliminary report 101or the final estimate 102 is prepared by the roof company 70, one orboth can be transmitted to the customer 90 via the wide area network 60,the telecommunication network 96, or by postal service.

Also shown in Fig.1 is an alternative setup of the system 10 wherein apreliminary report 101 is prepared by a separate roof estimating entity105 which is then forwarded to the roof company 70 who then prepares thefinal estimate 102 and sends it to the customer 90. The entity 105includes a computer 106 with a roof estimating software program 50′loaded into the working memory 107. Like the software program 50 loadedinto the roof contractor's computer 72 in the previous embodiment thesoftware program 50′ is also able to retrieve aerial images of housesfrom a database 52′ containing aerial images files 54′ of houses locatedin the region served by the roof company 70. An optional calibrationmodule 56′ may be provided which enables the entity 105 to determine theangles and linear dimensions of various roof sections on the house 92.

When the system 10 is setup to include the estimating entity 105, thecustomer contacts the roofing company 70. The roof company 70 thencontacts the estimating entity 105 and forwards the address of thebuilding 92 thereto. The estimating entity 105 then prepares thepreliminary report 101 that is transmitted to the roof company 70. Theroof company 70 then prepares the final report 102 and sends it to thecustomer 90.

FIG. 2 shows a third embodiment of the system 10 where the customer 90contacts a roof estimating entity 130 who receives a request 100 fromthe customer 90 via the wide area network 60 or telecommunicationnetwork 96. The roof estimating entity 130 prepares a preliminary report101 which is then transmitted to various roof companies 70, 70′, 70″associated with the entity 130. Accompanying the preliminary report 101may be the name and contact telephone number(s) or email address of thecustomer 90. Each roof company 70, 70′, 70″ reviews the preliminaryreport 101 and any associated images sent therewith and then prepares afinal estimate 102, 102′, 102″. The final estimate 102, 102′, 102″isthen mailed, emailed or faxed to the customer 90 or back to theestimating entity 130. The estimating entity 130 then sends the finalestimate 102, 102′, 102″ to the customer 90. In this embodiment, theestimating entity 130 includes a computer 135 in which the roofestimating software program 50″ is loaded into its working memory 136loaded and linked to the aerial image database 52″containing image files54″. An optional calibration module 56″ may be loaded into the workingmemory 136 of the computer 135.

FIGS. 5A-5F are individual pages that make up a representative report.In FIG. 5A, a cover page 103 lists the address of the building and anoverhead aerial image of the building. In FIG. 5B, a second page 104 ofthe report is shown that shows wide overhead perspective view of thebuilding at the address with the surrounding areas more clearly shown.FIG. 5C is the third page 106 of the report which shows a line drawingof the building showing ridge and valley lines, dimensions 110 and acompass indicator. FIG. 5D is an illustration of the fourth page 107 ofthe report showing the pitch angle 111 of each roof section along with acompass indicator. FIG. 5E is an illustration of the fifth page 108 ofthe report showing the square footage 112 of each roof section alongwith the total square foot area value. FIG. 5F is an illustration of asixth page 109 of the report showing an overall, aerial line drawing ofthe building where notes 113 or written comments may be written.

Using the above system, a detailed description of how the system is usedis now provided.

First, a property of interest is identified by a potential customer ofthe service. The customer contacts the service with the location of theproperty. Typically, this will be a street address. The service thenuses a geo-coding provider to translate the location information (suchas a street address) into a set of coordinates that can be used to queryan aerial or satellite image database. Typically, the geo-codingprovider will be used to translate the customer supplied street addressinto a set of longitude-latitude coordinates.

Next, the longitude-latitude coordinates of the property are then usedto query an aerial and/or satellite imagery database in order toretrieve one or more images of the property of interest. It is importantto note that flat roofs only require a single image of the property.Roofs containing one or more pitched sections typically require two ormore photographs in order to identify and measure all relevant sectionsand features of the roof.

Once the images of the roof section of the building are obtained, atleast one of the images needs to be calibrated. During calibration, thedistance in pixels between two points on the image is converted into aphysical length. This calibration information is typically presented asa scale marker on the image itself, or as additional informationsupplied by the image database provider along with the requested image.

The image(s) and calibration information returned by the imagerydatabase is entered or imported into the service's measurement software.

A set of reference points are identified in each of the images. Theservice's measurement software then uses these reference points and someproprietary algorithms to co-register the images and reconstruct thethree dimensional geometry of the object identified by the referencepoints. There are a variety of photo-grammetric algorithms that can beutilized to perform this reconstruction. One such algorithm used by theservice uses photographs taken from two or more view points to‘triangulate’ points of interest on the object in 3D space. Thistriangulation can be visualized as a process of projecting a lineoriginating from the location of the photograph's observation point thatpasses through a particular reference point in the image. Theintersection of these projected lines from the set of observation pointsto a particular reference point identifies the location of that point in3D space. Repeating the process for all such reference points allows thesoftware to build a 3D model of the structure.

The optimal choice of reconstruction algorithm depends on a number offactors such as the spatial relationships between the photographs, thenumber and locations of the reference points, and any assumptions thatare made about the geometry and symmetry of the object beingreconstructed. Several such algorithms are described in detail intextbooks, trade journals, and academic publications.

Once the reconstruction of the building is complete, the results arereviewed for completeness and correctness. If necessary, a user of theservice's software will make corrections to the reconstructed model.

Information from the reconstructed model is used to generate a reportcontaining information relevant to the customer. If the report is meantfor delivery to a roofing company, the information in the report mayinclude total square footage, square footage 112 and pitch 111 of eachsection of roof, linear measurements 110 of all roof segments,identification and measurement of ridges and valleys, and differentelevation views rendered from the 3D model (top, side, front, etc.).

Using the above description, a method for estimating the size and therepair or replacement costs of a roof comprising the following steps:

a. selecting a roof estimation system that includes a computer with aroof estimation software program loaded into its working memory, saidroof estimation software uses aerial image files of buildings in aselected region and a calibration module that allows the size, geometry,and orientation of a roof section to be determined from said aerialimage files;

b. submitting a request for a measurement of a roof of a building at aknown location;

c. submitting the location information of a building with a roof thatneeds a size determination, a repair estimate, or replacement estimate;

d. entering the location information of said building and obtainingaerial image files of one or more roof sections used on a roof; and,

e. using said calibration module to determine the size, geometry andpitch of each said roof section.

In the above method, the entity requesting the measurement is thebuilding tenant, the building owner, or the insurance request.

In compliance with the statute, the invention described herein has beendescribed in language more or less specific as to structural features.It should be understood however, that the invention is not limited tothe specific features shown, since the means and construction shown, iscomprised only of the preferred embodiments for putting the inventioninto effect. The invention is therefore claimed in any of its forms ormodifications within the legitimate and valid scope of the amendedclaims, appropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine ofequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A roof estimation computer system, comprising: atleast one computer processor; one or more non-transitory memory storinga set of instructions that when executed by the at least one computerprocessor cause the at least one computer processor to: receive aplurality of aerial image files of a building having a roof including afirst aerial image file taken from a first viewpoint of the building anda second aerial image file taken from a second viewpoint of the buildingdifferent than the first viewpoint, wherein at least one of the firstaerial image file and the second aerial image file has calibrationinformation associated with the at least one of the first aerial imagefile and the second aerial image file; determine a pitch and an area ofone or more roof sections of the roof based on an image analysisperformed on the plurality of aerial image files, wherein the imageanalysis comprises: constructing a three-dimensional model of one ormore roof sections by: calibrating at least one of the first and secondaerial image files using the calibration information associated with theat least one of the first aerial image file and the second aerial imagefile to convert a distance in pixels between two points on therespective aerial image file into a physical length; identifying commonreference points depicted in at least the first aerial image file andthe second aerial image file; identifying, for all such referencepoints, a location in three- dimensional space by triangulating thereference points by projecting a first line originating from the firstviewpoint through one of the reference points and a second lineoriginating from the second viewpoint through the same reference pointand determining an intersection of the first and second lines; anddetermining physical length between at least two of the reference pointsin three-dimensional space based at least in part on the calibration;generate a roof report that includes the pitch and the area of the oneor more roof sections based on the determined pitch and area of the oneor more roof sections, wherein the pitch is indicative of a verticalrise of a roof section over a horizontal run of the roof section; andoutput the roof report having the determined pitch therein.
 2. The roofestimation computer system of claim 1, wherein the roof report includesan orientation and a geometrical shape of the one or more roof sections.3. The roof estimation computer system of claim 2, wherein the roofreport includes an estimate of a number and type of solar panels to beinstalled on the roof of the building based on at least one of the areaof the one or more roof sections, the geometric shape of the one or moreroof sections, and the orientation of the one or more roof sections. 4.The roof estimation computer system of claim 1, wherein the roof reportincludes one or more top plan views of the three-dimensional model ofthe roof annotated with numerical values that indicate a correspondingslope, area, and length of edges of at least two of the one or more roofsections using at least two different indicia for different types ofroof properties.
 5. The roof estimation computer system of claim 1,wherein the roof report includes one or more top plan views of thethree-dimensional model of the roof and includes numerical values on theone or more top plan views that are numerical values of a correspondingslope, area, or length of an edge of at least one of the one or moreroof sections.
 6. The roof estimation computer system of claim 5,wherein the roof report indicates whether each of the numerical valuesare either of the corresponding, slope, area or length of an edge of theone or more roof sections at least in part by where the numerical valuesare placed on the top plan view relative to the one or more roofsections.
 7. The roof estimation computer system of claim 6, wherein atleast two of the numerical values are placed adjacent to correspondingedges of the one or more roof sections on the top plan view to indicatethe at least two of the numerical values are each lengths of thecorresponding edges to which the at least two of the numerical valuesare adjacent.
 8. The roof estimation computer system of claim 6, whereinat least one of the numerical values is placed generally in a center ofthe one or more roof sections on the top plan view to indicate the atleast one of the numerical values is an area of one or more roofsections.
 9. The roof estimation computer system of claim 5, wherein theroof report indicates whether at least two of the numerical values areeither of the corresponding slope of the one or more roof sections, areaof the one or more roof sections or length of an edge of the one or moreroof sections at least in part by an annotation next to each of the atleast two numerical values.
 10. The roof estimation computer system ofclaim 9, wherein the at least two of the numerical values are of thecorresponding slope of the one or more roof sections and the annotationis an arrow adjacent to the numerical value to indicate the numericalvalue is of the corresponding slope of the one or more roof sections.11. One or more non-transitory computer memory storing a set ofinstructions that when executed by at least one computer processor causethe at least one computer processor to: receive a plurality of aerialimage files of a building having a roof including a first aerial imagefile taken from a first viewpoint of the building and a second aerialimage file taken from a second viewpoint of the building different thanthe first viewpoint, wherein at least one of the first aerial image fileand the second aerial image file has calibration information associatedwith the at least one of the first aerial image file and the secondaerial image file; determine a pitch and an area of one or more roofsections of the roof based on an image analysis performed on theplurality of aerial image files, wherein the image analysis comprises:constructing a three-dimensional model of one or more roof sections by:calibrating at least one of the first and second aerial image filesusing the calibration information associated with the at least one ofthe first aerial image file and the second aerial image file to converta distance in pixels between two points on the respective aerial imagefile into a physical length; identifying common reference pointsdepicted in at least the first aerial image file and the second aerialimage file; identifying, for all such reference points, a location inthree-dimensional space by triangulating the reference points byprojecting a first line originating from the first viewpoint through oneof the reference points and a second line originating from the secondviewpoint through the same reference point and determining anintersection of the first and second lines; and determining physicallength between at least two of the reference points in three-dimensionalspace based at least in part on the calibration; generate a roof reportthat includes the pitch and the area of the one or more roof sectionsbased on the determined pitch and area of the one or more roof sections,wherein the pitch is indicative of a vertical rise of a roof sectionover a horizontal run of the roof section; and output the roof reporthaving the determined pitch therein.
 12. The non-transitory computermemory of claim 11, wherein the roof report includes an orientation anda geometrical shape of the one or more roof sections.
 13. Thenon-transitory computer memory of claim 12, wherein the roof reportincludes an estimate of a number and type of solar panels to beinstalled on the roof of the building based on at least one of the areaof the one or more roof sections, the geometric shape of the one or moreroof sections, and the orientation of the one or more roof sections. 14.The non-transitory computer memory of claim 11, wherein the roof reportincludes one or more top plan views of the three-dimensional model ofthe roof annotated with numerical values that indicate a correspondingslope, area, and length of edges of at least two of the one or more roofsections using at least two different indicia for different types ofroof properties.
 15. The non-transitory computer memory of claim 11,wherein the roof report includes one or more top plan views of thethree-dimensional model of the roof and includes numerical values on theone or more top plan views that are numerical values of a correspondingslope, area, or length of an edge of at least one of the one or moreroof sections.
 16. The non-transitory computer memory of claim 15,wherein the roof report indicates whether each of the numerical valuesare either of the corresponding, slope, area or length of an edge of theone or more roof sections at least in part by where the numerical valuesare placed on the top plan view relative to the one or more roofsections.
 17. The non-transitory computer memory of claim 16, wherein atleast two of the numerical values are placed adjacent to correspondingedges of the one or more roof sections on the top plan view to indicatethe at least two of the numerical values are each lengths of thecorresponding edges to which the at least two of the numerical valuesare adjacent.
 18. The non-transitory computer memory of claim 16,wherein at least one of the numerical values is placed generally in acenter of the one or more roof sections on the top plan view to indicatethe at least one of the numerical values is an area of one or more roofsections.
 19. The non-transitory computer memory of claim 15, whereinthe roof report indicates whether at least two of the numerical valuesare either of the corresponding slope of the one or more roof sections,area of the one or more roof sections or length of an edge of the one ormore roof sections at least in part by an annotation next to each of theat least two numerical values.
 20. The non-transitory computer memory ofclaim 19, wherein the at least two of the numerical values are of thecorresponding slope of the one or more roof sections and the annotationis an arrow adjacent to the numerical value to indicate the numericalvalue is of the corresponding slope of the one or more roof sections.